{"id":12302,"date":"2023-10-29T10:36:49","date_gmt":"2023-10-29T02:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/immimpangkep.ponpes.id\/blogguru\/?post_type=blog&p=12302"},"modified":"2023-11-02T17:44:37","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T09:44:37","slug":"terjemah-matn-shofwatu-zubad-nadzom-fiqh-syafiiyah-30-bab-puasa","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/immimpangkep.ponpes.id\/blogguru\/blog\/terjemah-matn-shofwatu-zubad-nadzom-fiqh-syafiiyah-30-bab-puasa\/","title":{"rendered":"Terjemah Matn Shofwatu Zubad (Nadzom Fiqh Syafi\u2019iyah) \u2013 30: Bab Puasa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oleh:\u00a0Muhammad Farid Wajdi<\/strong>\u00a0*)<\/p>\n

BLOGGURU<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Sudah kenal Kitab Matn Shofwatu Zubad atau lebih populer disebut Nadzom Zubad? Ya, Kitab Matn Zubad\u00a0berisi nadzom (syair) puisi yang terdiri dari 1.000 bait lebih tentang Fikih Syafi\u2019iyah. Kitab Matn Fikih ini populer diajarkan di Pondok Pesantren karena mudah dihafalkan dalam bentuk nadzom.\u00a0 Meski begitu Matn Zubad ini tak hanya menguraikan bait-bait syair tentang fiqih, akan tetapi juga mengandung materi Bab Tauhid dan Tasawuf. Secara umum kitab Zubad dapat kita bagi menjadi tiga bagian yakni bagian bab aqidah\/tauhid di bagian awal kitab, bab fiqih asy-Syafi\u2019iyah di bagian tengah dan bab tasawuf di bagian akhir kitab. Sehingga mempelajari Matn Zubad, akan terasa lebih lengkap pemahaman khazanah keilmuan Islam kita, karena\u00a0 isinya mencakup semua materi dasar yang wajib diketahui sebagai umat Islam yaitu: \u2018Aqidah, Fiqih dan Tasawuf.<\/p>\n

Matan Zubad adalah hasil karya Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Hussein ibn Hasan ibn \u2018Ali ibn Yusuf ibn \u2018Ali ibn Arsalan al-Ramli [753H -844H] atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Ibnu Ruslan. Beliau lahir di Ramlah, Palestina dan wafat di Baitulmaqdis, Palestina. Matan Zubad ini banyak disyarahkan oleh para ulama seperti Ghayah al-Bayan fi Syarh Zubad Ibn Ruslan oleh al-\u2018Allamah Syamsuddin al-Ramli, Mawahib al-Shomad fi Hal Alfaadz al-Zubad oleh Syaikh Ahmad al-Hijazi al-Fasyani, Ifaadah al-Saadah al-Umad bi Taqrir Ma\u2019ani Nazam al-Zubad oleh al-\u2018Allamah al-Sayyid Muhammad bin Ahmad bin \u2018Abd al-Baari al-Ahdal, Faidh al-Manan Syarh Zubad Ibn Ruslan oleh al-\u2018Allamah al-Sayyid Yusuf bin Muhammad al-Bathah al-Ahdal dan lain-lain lagi.<\/p>\n

Berikut ini Terjemah Matn Shofwatu Zubad (Nadzom Fiqh Syafi\u2019iyah) \u2013 28: Kitab Zakat (Bait 463-491)<\/p>\n

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{\ufed7\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeee\u0627 \ufeb3\ufe92\ufea4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeda \ufefb \ufecb\ufee0\ufee2 \ufedf\ufee8\ufe8e \ufe87\ufefb \ufee3\ufe8e \ufecb\ufee0\ufee4\ufe98\ufee8\ufe8e \ufe87\ufee7\ufeda \ufe83\ufee7\ufe96 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee0\ufef4\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufedc\ufef4\ufee2}<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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Bab 5
\nPuasa<\/h4>\n

\ufef3\ufea0\ufe90 \ufebb\ufeee\ufee1 \ufead\ufee3\ufec0\ufe8e\ufee5 \ufe91\ufe84\ufea3\ufeaa … \ufe83\ufee3\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufedc\ufee4\ufe8e\ufedd \ufeb7\ufecc\ufe92\ufe8e\ufee5 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufeaa\ufea9<\/h4>\n

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463. Orang Islam wajib puasa Ramadhan karena adanya salah satu dari dua perkara, yaitu: dengan menyempurnakan bilangan bulan Sya’ban 30 hari<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufe83\ufeed \ufead\ufe85\ufef3\ufe94 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufeaa\ufedd \ufeeb\ufefc\ufedd \u0627\ufedf\ufeb8\ufeec\ufeae … \ufed3\ufef2 \ufea3\ufed6 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufea9\ufeed\ufee5 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufef4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufebc\ufeae<\/h4>\n

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464. Atau sebab dengan melihat bulan sabit (tanda masuknya) bulan (baru) oleh seorang yang adil (itu berlaku) bagi orang-orang yang (tinggal dikawasan yang) kurang dari jarak qashar shalat<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufe87\ufee7\ufee4\ufe8e \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufeae\ufebd \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufea8\ufeba \ufed7\ufeaa\ufead … \ufecb\ufee0\ufef4\ufeea \ufee3\ufeb4\ufee0\ufee2 \ufee3\ufedc\ufee0\ufed2 \ufec3\ufeec\ufeae<\/h4>\n

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465. Sesungguhnya puasa itu diwajibkan kepada seorang yang mampu untuk berpuasa, muslim, mukallaf, suci (dari haid dan nifas)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufeed\ufeb7\ufeae\ufec1 \ufee7\ufed4\ufede \ufee7\ufef4\ufe94 \ufedf\ufee0\ufebc\ufeee\ufee1 … \ufed7\ufe92\ufede \ufeaf\ufeed\u0627\ufedf\ufeec\ufe8e \ufedf\ufedc\ufede \ufef3\ufeee\ufee1<\/h4>\n

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466. Adapun syaratnya puasa adalah niat. Untuk puasa sunnah niatnya sebelum tergelincirnya matahari ke barat untuk setiap harinya<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

\ufeed\ufe87\ufee5 \ufef3\ufedc\ufee6 \ufed3\ufeae\ufebf\ufe8e \ufeb7\ufeae\ufec3\ufee8\ufe8e \ufee7\ufef4\ufe98\ufeea … \ufed7\ufeaa \ufecb\ufef4\ufee8\ufe96 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufedf\ufef4\ufee0\ufe94 \ufee3\ufe92\ufef4\ufe98\ufeea<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

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467. Sedangkan untuk puasa fardlu syarat niatnya adalah setelah terbenam matahari yakni di malam hari (setiap malam)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufeed\ufe91\ufe8e\ufee7\ufe98\ufed4\ufe8e\u0621 \ufee3\ufed4\ufec4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee1 … \ufea3\ufef4\ufebe \ufee7\ufed4\ufe8e\ufeb1 \ufead\ufea9\ufe93 \u0627\ufef9\ufeb3\ufefc\ufee1<\/h4>\n

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468. Dan disyaratkan tidak adanya hal-hal yang dapat mencegah sahnya puasa seperti haidl, nifas, murtad (yakni keluar dari Islam)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufe9f\ufee8\ufeee\ufee5 \ufedb\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufef4\ufeee\ufee1 \ufedf\ufedc\ufee6 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufef3\ufee8\ufe8e\ufee1 … \ufe9f\ufee4\ufef4\ufeca \ufef3\ufeee\ufee3\ufeea \ufed3\ufebc\ufea4\ufea2 \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee1<\/h4>\n

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469. Gila sepanjang gari, akan tetapi orang yang tidur sepanjang hari maka puasanya (tetap) sah<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufe87\ufee5 \ufef3\ufed4\ufed6 \ufee3\ufed0\ufee4\ufef0 \ufecb\ufee0\ufef4\ufeea \ufe91\ufecc\ufebe \ufef3\ufeee\ufee1 … \ufeed\ufedf\ufeee \ufedf\ufea4\ufef4\ufec8\ufe94 \ufef3\ufebc\ufea2 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeea \ufebb\ufeee\ufee1<\/h4>\n

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470. Jika ada orang pingsan, kemudian sadar pada siangnya harinya walaupun hanya sejenak maka puasanya tetap sah<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufeed\ufedb\ufede \ufecb\ufef4\ufee6 \ufeed\ufebb\ufee0\ufe96 \ufee3\ufeb4\ufee4\ufef0 … \ufe9f\ufeee\ufed1 \ufe91\ufee4\ufee8\ufed4\ufeac \ufeed\ufeab\ufedb\ufeae \ufebb\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e<\/h4>\n

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471. Termasuk perkara yang membatalkan puasa adalah setiap benda yang sampai ke dalam rongga tubuh melalui lubang terbuka dan dalam keadaan ingat kalau dia itu puasa<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufedb\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe92\ufec4\ufee6 \ufeed\u0627\ufedf\ufeaa\ufee3\ufe8e\ufecd \ufe9b\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufe9c\ufee6 … \ufeed\ufea9\ufe91\ufeae \ufeed\ufe91\ufe8e\ufec3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufee6 \ufe83\ufeab\ufee5<\/h4>\n

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472. Adapun yang dimaksud rongga tubuh adalah perut dan otak. Sedangkan yang dimaksud lubang terbuka adalah lubang qubul (kemaluan depan), lubang dubur (kemaluan belakang) dan bagian lubang dari telinga<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufeed\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee4\ufeaa \ufedf\ufee0\ufeee\ufec1\u0621 \ufeed\ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufef4\ufed8\ufe8e\u0621 … \ufe83\ufeed \ufe83\ufea7\ufeae\ufe9d \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufee4\ufee8\ufe8e\u0621 …<\/h4>\n

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473. Dan termasuk yang membatalkan puasa adalah sengaja berhubungan dengan istri, muntah dengan sengaja, mengeluarkan mani dengan sengaja<\/p>\n

\n\ufeed\ufeb3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufeca \ufecb\ufee0\ufee2 \u0627\ufedf\ufed0\ufeae\ufeed\ufe8f \ufe91\ufed4\ufec4\ufeae … \ufe91\ufeb4\ufeae\ufecb\ufe94 \ufeed\ufecb\ufedc\ufeb4\ufeea \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufeb4\ufea4\ufeae<\/h4>\n

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474. Orang yang berpuasa disunnahkan berbuka dengan segera setelah yaqin akan terbenamnya matahari. Dan sahur disunnahkan untuk diakhirkan<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufec4\ufeae \ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee4\ufe8e\u0621 \ufedf\ufed4\ufed8\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufe98\ufee4\ufeae … \ufeed\ufecf\ufeb4\ufede \ufee3\ufee6 \u0627\ufe9f\ufee8\ufe90 \ufed7\ufe92\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufea0\ufeae<\/h4>\n

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475. Dan disunnahkan berbuka dengan air putih bagi yang tidak mendapati kurma dan mandi wajib bagi yang junub sebelum terbit) fajar<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufeed\ufef3\ufedc\ufeae\ufee9 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee0\ufeda \ufeed\ufeab\ufeed\ufed5 \ufeed\u0627\ufea3\ufe98\ufea0\ufe8e\ufee1 … \ufeed\ufee3\ufe9e \ufee3\ufe8e\u0621 \ufecb\ufee8\ufeaa \ufed3\ufec4\ufeae \ufee3\ufee6 \ufebb\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee1<\/h4>\n

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476. Orang yang berpuasa makruh mengunyah makanan, merasai makanan (tanpa menelan), berbekam dan mengeluarkan air (dari mulutnya) ketika berbuka puasa<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\ufee3\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufef4\ufe8e\ufed9 \ufebb\ufe8e\ufe8b\ufee2 \ufe91\ufecc\ufeaa \u0627\ufedf\ufeb0\ufeed\u0627\ufedd … \ufed3\ufe8e\ufea7\ufe98\ufef4\ufeae \ufedf\ufee2 \ufef3\ufedc\ufeae\ufee9 \ufeed\ufef3\ufea4\ufeae\ufee1 \u0627\ufedf\ufeee\ufebb\ufe8e\ufedd<\/h4>\n

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477. Adapun bersiwak bagi orang yang berpuasa setelah tergelincirnya matahari menurut pendapat sebagian ulama yang dipilih adalah tidak makruh; dan haram menyambung puasa tanpa berbuka<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufeb3\ufee8\ufe94 \ufebb\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee1 \ufef3\ufeee\ufee1 \ufecb\ufeae\ufed3\ufeea … \ufe87\ufefb \ufedf\ufee4\ufee6 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufe9e \ufea3\ufef4\ufe9a \ufe83\ufebf\ufecc\ufed4\ufeea<\/h4>\n

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478. Adapun puasa-puasa sunnah adalah puasa Hari Arafah kecuali bagi orang yang sedang berhaji yang mana puasa itu dapat melemahkan badannya<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufeb7\ufeee\u0627\ufedd \ufeed\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeee\ufefb\u0621 … \ufe83\ufeed\ufedf\ufef0 \ufeed\ufecb\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeee\ufead\u0627\u0621 \ufeed\ufe97\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeee\ufecb\ufe8e\u0621<\/h4>\n

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479. Puasa enam hari di bulan syawwal, dan dengan berturut-turut itu lebih utama, puasa hari Asyura’ (yakni 10 muharram) dan Tasu’a ( yakni 9 muharram )<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufebb\ufeee\ufee1 \u0627\ufef7\ufe9b\ufee8\ufef4\ufee6 \ufedb\ufeac\u0627 \u0627\ufedf\ufea8\ufee4\ufef4\ufeb2 \ufee3\ufeca … \ufe83\ufef3\ufe8e\ufee1 \ufe91\ufef4\ufebe \ufeed\ufe83\ufe9f\ufeb0 \ufedf\ufee4\ufee6 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufec9<\/h4>\n

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480. Puasa (hari) Senin dan kamis, puasa ayyamul biidl (yakni setiap tanggal 13, 14 dan 15 Qomariyah). Dan boleh bagi orang yang melaksanakan<\/p>\n

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\ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufee8\ufed4\ufede \ufe83\ufee5 \ufef3\ufed8\ufec4\ufecc\ufeea \ufe91\ufefc \ufed7\ufec0\ufe8e … \ufeed\ufedf\ufee2 \ufef3\ufea0\ufeb0 \ufed7\ufec4\ufeca \ufedf\ufee4\ufe8e \ufed7\ufeaa \ufed3\ufeae\ufebf\ufe8e …<\/p>\n

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481. Puasa sunnah untuk membatalkan (puasa)nya tanpa wajib mengqadha’ puasanya. Dan orang yang melaksanakan puasa fardlu tidak boleh membatalkan puasanya<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufefb \ufef3\ufebc\ufea2 \ufebb\ufeee\ufee1 \ufef3\ufeee\ufee1 \u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufef4\ufeaa … \ufeed\ufef3\ufee2 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufeae\ufef3\ufed6 \ufeed\ufefb \ufe97\ufeae\ufea9\ufef3\ufeaa<\/p>\n

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482. Dan tidak sah puasa pada hari raya, hari-hari tasyriq (tanggal 11 10 dan 13 Dzulhjah), dan hari yang diragukam (hari syak, yakni tanggal 30 Sya’ban)<\/p>\n

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\ufefb \ufe87\ufee5 \ufef3\ufeee\u0627\ufed3\ufed6 \ufecb\ufe8e\ufea9\ufe93 \ufe83\ufeed \ufee7\ufeac\ufead\u0627 … \ufe83\ufeed \ufeed\ufebb\ufede \u0627\ufedf\ufebc\ufeee\ufee1 \ufe91\ufebc\ufeee\ufee1 \ufee3\ufeae\u0627<\/h4>\n

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483. Kecuali jika bertepatan dengan kebiasaan (puasa) nya atau nadzar atau menyambung puasa hari syak (yakni hari yang diragukan) itu dengan puasa hari-hari sebelumnya<\/p>\n

\n\ufef3\ufedc\ufed4\ufeae \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufed4\ufeb4\ufeaa \ufebb\ufeee\ufee1 \ufef3\ufeee\ufee1 … \ufee3\ufee6 \ufead\ufee3\ufec0\ufe8e\ufee5 \ufe87\ufee5 \ufef3\ufec4\ufe84 \ufee3\ufeca \ufe87\ufe9b\ufee2<\/h4>\n

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484. Orang yang merusak atau membatalkan puasanya sebab bersetubuh dengan istrinya maka dia wajib membayar kaffarah dan dia tetap mendapat dosa. Adapun kafarahnya itu<\/p>\n

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\ufedb\ufee4\ufe9c\ufede \ufee3\ufee6 \ufec7\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufeae \ufefb \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeae\ufe93 … \ufeed\ufedb\ufeae\ufead\ufe95 \ufe87\ufee5 \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufeb4\ufe8e\ufea9 \ufedb\ufeae\ufead\ufee9<\/h4>\n

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485. Seperti kafarahnya orang yang men-zhihar isterinya (yaitu memerdekakan budak. Kalau tidak mendapatkan budak atau tidak mampu memerdekakan budak maka puasa dua bulan bereturut-turut, dan apabila tidak kuat puasa maka memberi makan 60 orang miskin), namun (kafarah ini hanya wajib bagi suami) dan tidak (wajib) bagi istri<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufeed\u0627\ufe9f\ufe90 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufee4\ufeee\ufe95 \ufea9\ufeed\ufee5 \ufebb\ufeee\ufee1 … \ufe91\ufecc\ufeaa \ufe97\ufee4\ufedc\ufee6 \ufedf\ufedc\ufede \ufef3\ufeee\ufee1<\/h4>\n

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486. Dan orang yang mati meninggalkan puasa padahal dia mampu untuk mengqadla puasanya maka keluarganya wajib membayar fidyah<\/p>\n

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\ufee3\ufeaa \ufec3\ufecc\ufe8e\ufee1 \ufecf\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe90 \ufed3\ufef2 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufeee\ufe95 … \ufeed\ufe9f\ufeee\ufeaf \u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufec4\ufeae \ufedf\ufea8\ufeee\ufed1 \ufee3\ufeee\ufe95<\/h4>\n

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487. 1 mud makanan pokok yang umum di negerinya. Dan boleh seseorang membatalkan puasanya karena takut mati<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufee3\ufeae\ufebd \ufeed\ufeb3\ufed4\ufeae \ufe87\ufee5 \ufef3\ufec4\ufede … \ufeed\ufea7\ufeee\ufed1 \ufee3\ufeae\ufebf\ufeca \ufeed\ufeab\u0627\ufe95 \ufea3\ufee4\ufede<\/h4>\n

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488. Sakit, bepergian jika perginya jauh dan kekhawatiran wanita yang menyusui dan hamil<\/p>\n

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\ufee3\ufee8\ufeea \ufecb\ufee0\ufef0 \ufee7\ufed4\ufeb4\ufeec\ufe8e \ufebf\ufeae\u0627 \ufe91\ufeaa\u0627 … \ufeed\ufef3\ufeee\ufe9f\ufe90 \u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufec0\ufe8e\u0621 \ufea9\ufeed\ufee5 \u0627\ufefb\ufed3\ufe98\ufeaa\u0627<\/h4>\n

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489. Wanita yang menyusui dan hamil yang telah membatalkan puasanya maka dia wajib mengqadla puasanya dan tidak wajib membayar fidyah<\/p>\n

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\ufeed\ufee3\ufed4\ufec4\ufeae \ufedf\ufeec\ufeae\ufee1 \ufedf\ufedc\ufede \ufef3\ufeee\ufee1 … \ufee3\ufeaa \ufedb\ufee4\ufe8e \ufee3\ufeae \ufe91\ufefc \ufed7\ufec0\ufe8e\u0621 \ufebb\ufeee\ufee1<\/h4>\n

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490. Sedangkan orang yang tidak mampu berpuasa karena lanjut usia maka setiap hari mengeluarkan 1 mud untuk diberikan kepada orang fakir atau miskin dan tidak wajib menqadha puasanya<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ufeed\u0627\ufedf\ufee4\ufeaa \ufeed\u0627\ufedf\ufed8\ufec0\ufe8e \ufedf\ufeac\u0627\ufe95 \u0627\ufedf\ufea4\ufee4\ufede … \ufe83\ufeed \ufee3\ufeae\ufebf\ufeca \ufe87\ufee5 \ufea7\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe98\ufe8e \ufedf\ufee0\ufec4\ufed4\ufede …<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Artinya:<\/p>\n

491. Wanita hamil atau menyusui jika mereka (tidak berpuasa karena) takut akan (keselamatan) bayinya maka wajib membayar fidyah 1 mud dan wajib mengqadha puasanya.<\/p>\n

(***)<\/p>\n

Bersambung ….<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(*\u00a0Muhammad Farid Wajdi<\/strong><\/em>, Guru Fikih\/Pengasuh Ponpes Modern Putri IMMIM Minasatene-Pangkep.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","blog-kat":[139,195],"class_list":["post-12302","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog-kat-fikih","blog-kat-kitab-fikih"],"yoast_head":"\nTerjemah Matn Shofwatu Zubad (Nadzom Fiqh Syafi\u2019iyah) \u2013 30: Bab Puasa - Blog Pesantren Modern Putri IMMIM Pangkep<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Oleh:\u00a0Muhammad Farid Wajdi\u00a0*) BLOGGURU\u00a0\u2013 Sudah kenal Kitab Matn Shofwatu Zubad atau lebih populer disebut Nadzom Zubad? 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